Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Science - Essay Example (2) Why/How Creation Scientists Say Evolution Violates The Laws of Thermodynamics. (3) On Whether The Thermodynamics Laws Are Actually Violated or Not 5 Question 3-Making Both the Best Evolutionary/Biological and Logical/Rational Argument Relating to the Question: Which started things out, the chicken or the egg? 7 Question 5-Common English Understanding of the First and Second Thermodynamics Laws. (2) Arguments For How The Theory of Natural Selection (a) Violates the Thermodynamics Laws and (b) Does Not Violate the Thermodynamic Laws . (3) Explaining How Life Works at the Chemical Level. 9 Question 7-(1) Similarities in the thoughts of Lamarck and Darwin Relating to Gradual Evolution (2) Differences in the Ideas of Lamarck and Darwin (3) Reasons for Darwin's Hesitancy in Publishing His â€Å"Dangerous Idea†, Evidence Darwin Was Missing 11 Works Cited 13 Question 1-(1) Influence of nineteenth Century Worldviews on Charles Darwin. (2) How Darwin's Worldview Changed Between 1830 and 1860. (3) How My Worldview Has Been Changed/Affected by the Course There had been extensive scholarly and logical mature in the nineteenth century, around the hour of Darwin's work and earlier, that had significant effect on the Charles Darwin and his hypothesis as to advancement, common determination, and natural selection. Those remember changes for the logical comprehension of the age of the earth, which had recently been pegged at two or three thousand years, and thusly reexamined to be a lot more established dependent on found and examined fossil records. This mature age implied that Darwin's hypothesis of normal choice over ages, a large number of years, could hold water. Another was the perspective upheld by the hypotheses of Malthus with respect to the financial matters of populace development. Food supplies decided populace development and held populace numbers under tight restraints, or disaster will be imminent, without such food gracefully limitations, numbers would ascend immediately. It is this understanding Darwin reached out into a wide range of living populaces, both vegetation and creature life and species. He calculated that checks in nature are plentiful, and incorporate ailment, food limitations, the climate, water, and other distinct advantages that figure out who in a populace will endure and raise. This is the essentials of his characteristic determination hypothesis (Hayden; The Economist Newspaper Limited; Walmswell). In the interim, the adjustments in Darwin's perspective from 1830 to 1860 copied the development of his reasoning and hypothesis from the time he set out as a naturalist in 1831 to the hour of the underlying distribution of his hypothesis and discoveries in 1858, when he got persuaded of the legitimacy of his hypothesis of normal determination, of the alterability of species and the job that common choice plays in the manner all animals advance through time (Hayden; The Economist Newspaper Limited; Walmswell). As to my own perspective, I had been presented in a roundabout way to the thoughts of Darwin growing up, and had grown up catching wind of terms like natural selection just as characteristic choice and the development of various species. It has formed my initial comprehension of my own advancement as a sort of close to home advancement. This course, however made me mindful that regular determination has more to do with how the various elements/powers around me decide if me or another person live quite a while and succeed to the point of flourishing/bringing up kids. My new understanding incorporates a gratefulness for human decent variety, and the way that assorted variety overall permits mankind to adjust and push ahead in the midst of changing outside conditions (Hayden; The Economist Newspaper Limited; Walmswell). Question 2-(1) The Laws of Thermodynamics in My Own Words. (2) Why/How Creation Scientists Say Evolution Violates The Laws of

Is marriage an outdated tradition Essay

Is Marriage an Outdated Tradition? In this paper I will clarify whether marriage Is an obsolete convention alongside my conclusion and the ones of Christians. In my oplnlon I accept that No, marriage Is the equivalent solid, significant association it was 100 years prior. The thing that matters is the individuals who go into it, and the way society no longer backings the couples who pick it. We’ve become a â€Å"need It now† society and are prepared to dispose of whatever doesn’t give us Instant bliss. Separation has become so satisfactory that couples go Into arriage with the arrangement to separate If they aren’t fulfilled (prenup) when contrasted with the individuals in our past who accepted marriage was perpetually and were spurred to continue working at the relationship and to make it work. Today couples are prepared to surrender when it’s dreadful or the sex gets dull. The other piece of the issue Is society’s absence of help for marriage. The UK advantage framework Is excessively indulgent towards the individuals who decide to have youngsters without being hitched in this manner helping them with lodging, childcare, tutoring and food. The rest f the family before would offer passionate help and weight for the couple to work at the relationship, presently it’s more saw it as being just their concern and not an issue for the individuals around them. Today we’re progressively worried about an individual’s right to individual bliss than to supporting capable or moral conduct I accept a person’s joy Is critical yet people’s ethics and morals are what fulfill them. I likewise accept the possibility that something that’s worth having merits battling for, having omething quite a while, the pride of working at something, at pushing through the hard stuff to have the option to remain back and look with satisfaction at having made something extraordinary, is gone. The Christians of the Catholic Church show preclusion of pre-marriage sex alongside the dismissal of gay marriage, fetus removal and contraception yet in addition the acknowledgment of everybody and uniformity yet while each one of those are Important none is the thing that makes the obligation of marriage stick. It happens when two individuals who are allowed to wed and are genuinely and sincerely equipped for marriage give themselves o one another, understanding that marriage implies being available to life and responsibility and to unwavering adoration till death.

Cell Phone And Radiation Issues - Free Essay Example

In the society we are living in today, there has been numerous development of technology to help us in our everyday lives. The most recognizable form of technology   is called cell phones, one of the many technological advances most used today. We have become dependent on mobile phones and   a high percentage of the population including elderly people, young adults and even kids that are under 18 has one of these devices. Smartphones are a constant in everyday society, its so addicting that it becomes nearly impossible for us to even put it down for more than a second. The number of active mobile devices crossed over somewhere around the 7.22 billion mark. That being said,   67 percent of the population is dependent on cell phones. There are numerous advantages and disadvantages related to cell phones. On one hand, cell phones let users communicate for emergencies, businesses, and lets us keep personal information in one place. On the other hand, the usage of cell phones has become addictive to people   around the world and the abuse of hours on them can cause health hazards. Cell phones give off a form of energy known as radiofrequency (RF) waves. Radiation can releases out an energy from any source. An example of radiation is the light that comes from the sun and the heat that is constantly coming off our bodies. Cell phones have to emit a small amount of radiation just to function. They emit signals through radio waves that are made up of radio-frequency (RF) energy, which is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Large doses of radio waves can impact our health and body. The problem with todays society is that people are unaware of   the harm cell phones actually have on us. All cell phones have some sort of information that says Dont keep the phone in your pocket. But this central information is in a hidden section where most people would never notice or bother looking at. Phone companies should aler t and notify their users about the risk of radiation before purchasing the phone. Furthermore, there are tremendous amount of sponsored research that are hired to study to find no effect on cell phone having any serious health hazard. 1.The radiation of the phone can cause breast cancer, and the risk of harming kids and adults brain. 2. Cell phones towers also has a great amount of exposure on our health.   Ã‚   Cell phone exposure to kids and teens can lead to a significant relationship to childhood emotional problems. The use of cell phones can affect teenage behavior in many ways, it can change the persons attitude and their way of life. Teens are using their cell phones way too much and putting their mental health at risk. National surveys   are showing that kids today are more anxious than ever before, with spiking rates of depression and suicide(Ungar). This just shows one of the few impacts cell phones can have on teens. Using too much cell phone can also cause teengers and even full grown adults to be isolated from reality and even cause anxiety. Cell phone is a future that every household has, we depend on it for every small things we do.   In America alone, there are estimated of 400 million user who uses their cell phone over two hours per day. Little does the mobile users know the danger of radiation or cell phones in general. Every phone has a section that talks about the risk of RF radiation. For example, on Iphone you can find this information by going to setting, clicking About, General, and you will finally see the warning about RF exposure. Phone companies should alert their users at least once a year warning them about the risk of the exposure and how you can prevent it. Australia send its customers texts regularly to inform them about the risk of RF. This constantly lets the users know the danger of using cell phones. Cell phone companies and tobacco companies have one thing in common. Tobacco companies internally acknowledged that secondhand smoke is hazardous to nonsmokers, yet still gave false and misleading public statements denying the fact. They will deny this fact to keep the tobacco business running smoothly. This is the same method cell phone companies uses to hide the most significant informations from the consumers. Furthermore, Microwave Ovens have the same frequency as cell phones the only difference is the power. Microwaves, cell phones, wifi monitors, and even baby monitors have the same frequencies the only difference is the power(Davis). The power of the frequency is what heats up the phone and can cause harm to our bodies in a way that causes brain tumors or other tumors in the head and neck area. The most common way this can happen is by putting the phone right near your head for a long amount of time. Dr. Devra Davis, President of Environmental Health Trust (2015), implies that, when the phone rings, its the worst time to put the phone next to your head when you answer it and say hello because thats when the phone is on maximum power. National cancer institute also claims that study found that when people had an active cell phone held up to their ear for 50 minutes, brain tissues on the same side of the head as the phone used more glucose than did tissues on the other side of the brain. Glucose is a sugar that serves the brains fuel. .Keeping cell phones directly near your body can cause breast cancer. The two-way microwave radiation makes the soft fatty tissues of the breast absorb the radiation. This occurs when females store their cell phones in their bra. Cell phone microwave radiation seeds directly into soft fatty tissue of the breast(Davis). There are many more biological damages that is caused by radiation to human body. Another example is that cell phone radiation can cause problems with salivary gland tumor, dizziness, migraines, and poor sleep(Diana).   There is numerous studies that has been done that shows cell phone radiation is actually harmful for our body. In 2015 a French study was done that showed the brain EEG pattern was being altered by cell phone radiation. A   2013 Italian study shows that mobile phone demonstrated significant changes in brain activity when it was persuade by 45 minutes exposure to GSM mobile   phone. A 2011 Australian study showed an effect of acute 2G and 3G exposure on human cognitive functions(wang). Additionally, most people most people believe that the exposure of a child and an exposure of an adult is identical. However thats a false assumption due to the development of a full grown adult brains and a childs brain. Because of the children head being smaller the radiation will always absorb more than a full grown adult. According to a study that was done in 2010, it claims that cell phones harms a childs brain quicker than an adult. In general and on average, children suffer a higher exposure of their brain regions than adults(Hannah). This is because children have symmetrical smaller heads and brains, yet they receive the same amount of radiation as adults. When cell phones are being   used by children, the average RF energy level is two times higher in the brain compared with mobile phones used by adults. Another study shows that people who starts using cell phone before the age of twinity has a higher risk of developing brain tumors. Kids or teens absorb the radiation in a higher pace because their brain tissues are more absorbent and their skulls are thinner which caused the radiation to danger the kids health in a faster rate than adults. A researcher from India found that cell phone users who were on the phone for more than sixty minutes a day over four years experienced damage to the DNA an d in forty percent of their cells. This clearly shows that parents should prevent their kids from using cell phone on the daily bases for hours. In this generation cell phone radiation is not the only eye opener. Cell phones towers have many negative effects on our health. We are exposed to 100 million times more electromagnetic radiation than our previous generation and part of this reason is because radiation from cell phone towers. Cell phone towers emit high frequency microwaves or radio wave , that can travel as far as 45 miles. The closer you are to the tower, the greater the danger you have on your health. The microwaves that the cell phones tower releases can interfere with your body. Some of the health problems includes, cancer, birth defects, Headaches, memory loss, and low sperm count. Many countries already took a stand to ban cell powers towers to be located near big cities. For example, in 2013 Indians Supreme Court upheld Rajasthan State Court decision to remove all cell towers from the vicinity of schools, hospitals and playgrounds because of radiation hazardous to life(Davis). This decreases the chances of getting exposed to the radiation. Cell phone towers are used get users to get connected Wifi, wireless LANS, bluetooth supported devices and many more. Sometimes you might notice a cell phone tower installed on the top of   a building, people might think installing a cell phone tower on the top of the building will decrease the chances of getting exposed. However, the only bright side of having a tower on a high surface is having a better signal. Mobile towers are particularly dangerous because they emit microwaves at a frequency of 1900mhz. What is MHz? MHz is used to measure the transmission speed of electronic devices like television channels.There was a study done that shows the intense radioactivity from mobile phone towers unfavorably impacts every biological organism in our body within one square kilometer.

Peregrine Financial Group Inc Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1716 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Peregrine Financial Group inc. known as PFGBest. This company is investing for a long term probability of success for customers, it offering different group of products, technologies and services including futures, forex, futures options, full-service brokerage, precious metals, trader education, and, of course, direct online trading with emphasis the opportunities of lower barrier to entry. This company is one of the largest non-clearing U.S. Futures Commission Merchants, with customers, affiliates and brokerage offices in more than 80 countries. With the article, Russ Wasendorf, Sr., CEO of Peregrine Financial Group, Inc. in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.Monday, Sept. 17, 2012,he was arrested by FBI, judges order that would free the disgraced businessman while he awaits sentencing for a $200 million fraud scheme at his Iowa-based brokerage. Wasendorf admitted to the $200 million fraud that he first confessed in a note found on him after an unsuccessful suicide attempt in July. Wasendorf likely will face a recommended minimum sentence of at least 24 years in prison at his sentencing hearing, which was not immediately scheduled. The guilty plea marks the latest step in the stunning downfall of a businessman and philanthropist who was well-known in financial circles and a major player in Cedar Falls. Wasendorf built over decades to pay back the 24,000 customers who are missing money. The receiver has already gotten rid of Wasendorfs corporate jet, and is trying to sell the company that published Wasendorfs books and magazines on investing and also sell Wasendorfs homes, his 4,000-bottle wine collection, the upscale restaurant he owned in Cedar Falls, and the $20 million company headquarters that stood as a symbol of Wasendorfs home-grown success with a firm he started in an Iowa basement 30 years ago. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Peregrine Financial Group Inc Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Stakeholders Analysis Primary stakeholders shareholders The shareholders had trusted by the false information or agent. The shareholders will be facing a significant loss. Wasendorf actually fraud the shareholders and caused the crisis of the investment of the company within 20 years. Wasendorf affected the companys reputation and caused the company had to compensate those who deceived by Wasendorf for all these years which is counted as 24,000 customers and this incident led the official defunct. Primary stakeholders employee Due to the Wasendorf fraud, the company had official defunct because of uncover the loss on the 24,000 of customer. In this case, the employees will be losing the job. Primary stockholders -creditors Besides that, the creditors had trusted by the wrong information, the creditors will be affected and the creditors can only get back 30% to 40% of the funds which was invested for the company. Additional payments are expected but the bankruptcy trustee has warned they will fall short of making customers whole. Secondary stakeholder Investors The investors had trusted the wrong financial information on this company. The investors will affected the investors because was cheated by Wasendoft. The investment which invested on the company was loss because of the company defunct. The investors cant get back the funds and it may be caused some of investors having the cash flow problem or bankrupt. It also caused the investors loss on confidence on investing on other company. The ethical violations By the view of utilitarianism principles, the consequence must benefit to greatest number of people. But the action of Wasendoft was more harm than good to most number of people. The 24000 of investors have been harm by lose their money. Shareholder also been harm by lose their money due to the share price of the company drop after the news of the company CEO Wasendoft fraud break up. It also may influence other people to follow his back step to check and other investors or company. It also will occur more and more problem after the company bankup and it employee losing their job. Such as, thief, investor of the company bankup, economics of the country been affected. But it only benefit Wasendoft by prop up his struggling firms finances. At the conclusion, the harms are more the good so it breads the utilitarianism principles. Based on universal principles, the duty must be justice, right, fairness, honesty and respect. But Wasendofts duty was dishonesty to his investors by cheating their money to generate the company monthly reports for showing the company was holding more than 200 million in customer funds than it actually had. At the same time, his also use the money to personal and other business interests. Continue for formula of humanity of Kants ethical theory as an end in itself ensures that the motivation behind every action must be the good of humanity, but Wasendofts duty was breaking this theory by itself motivation behind the action is bad of humanity. Wasendoft cheating his investors money to his personal use and other business interests. According to the right principle the Peregrine Financial Group CEO Russ Wasendorf Sr was break two categories of right when he is the CEO of the company. He breaks the legal right because he gave fraudulent statements to his accounting department showing fictitious deposits and balances. The false numbers were used to generate monthly reports to regulators showing the company was holding more than $200 million in customer funds than it actually had. According to the law the action that he did was guilty. Other than that he also breaks the moral right, he use his position right and authority to embezzling the investors moneyfor a range of personal and other business interests. Under the right principle there are two types of right. There are positive right and negative right. Under the positive right the CEO Russ Wasendorf Sr must help the investors to gain more profit as more as possible but he did not do it. The CEO also breaks the negative right of the investors. The investors have the right to check the account of the bank without interfere by others but Russ Wasendorf Sr was changing the banks address in the statements to a post office box he controlled and send back false documents purporting to be from the bank. Furthermore, under justice principle the CEO Russ Wasendorf Sr was breaking the principle of equal liberty of the investors. This is because he changing the banks address so that the investors have no the equal right to get the information. The method to avoid such problem in the future Set a fix appointment period for CEO and avoid to renewal. From the case, we know that defender commit in fraud in a company for 20 years and it never found by anyone until he lapse at the last time he commit the fraud. The reason he can hidden his fraud is he was familiar day-to-day operation of the company include the procedure of money transfer, time, date and also the preparation of financial report. With their identity as CEO, he also can access into the company high confidential secret profile and get the information the company had. In additional, we should keep in mind that the most loyal employees can take advantage over company. So by provision the period that a CEO can be appointment and refuse to renewal the contract of CEO can create a better secured for company to prevent fraud made by high management levels staff. Hiring outside Certified Public Accountant firm to audit financial report. Although each corporation has their own professional accountant to manage their financial account but hiring the professional CPA from outside to audit company account can help to prevent fraud and also bring advantages to the company. The following are the advantages of hiring outsider accountant. Internal accountant will more caution when prepared their report because it will be audited by external accountant hiring from outside company which is more professional. Fraud can be prevent because the financial report is monitor, filtered and keep track by the professional CPA firm. They are trained and experienced and that makes them the perfect choice to trust all of companys accounts with. Because of professional, the CPA has skill and ability to identify the problem in an account and thus can help organization to detect fraud in the company. As an outsider, they act as just and doesnt has conflict interest with the company. Strictly requirement to recruit CEO In this case, the CEO is responsibility to all the fraud made by it so the requirement for recruit a CEO should be highly strict and prudent. There are several important term and condition can be made to CEO. Require a CEO to open their personal financial report to B.O.D of the company by annual to make sure their financial is health. Make sure there is no conflict interest between CEO with the company. It is preferable if the CEO doesnt own any company with a clear background. The accuracy schedule of the CEO journey should be recorded. Including where he goes, who he meets and what he does. Provision the CEO to attend the ethic program per annual set by company to upgrade the moral ethic of CEO personality. The ways prevent such problem in the future. 1. The criminal may be ordered to do community service, such as giving speeches about business crime. It will be more helpful which the speakers have the experience before. The criminal can share his experience to other people, at the same time, it also as a type of reminder to him himself for prevent do any business crime in future. People will more believe that other people real experience compare to only study form book. For instance, junk-bond king Michael Milliken was compelled to give speeches about corporate crime after he was convicted of insider trading. By the speech given by Michael Milliken, people will believe and prevent they self from do such miss take in future. 2. Next, judges may disqualify the individual from employment. Judges can prohibit criminal from engaging them in same or similar occupation. It can prevent which person that judges believe he will danger for the social from prohibit them occupation in same of similar job after they relieve from jail. This ways also can prevent his or his members follow or continue doing the same thing and it will become a type of reminder for the criminal and other people doing the same miss take occur in future again. Other people also will afraid doing business crime in future.

Who Is The Caretaker Of The Group - 1390 Words

Ever since I was little, I was always considered the caretaker of the group. Whether it was making sure all of my friends had enough to eat at lunchtime or being the first person people come to when they had a problem they needed to solve. Growing up with a single mother, I had to learn quickly how to take care of myself and in turn, I became very good at taking care of others. When I was 12 years old my grandfather passed away, so my mother and I packed our bags and moved in with my grandmother to help take care of her. Living with my grandmother at such a young age was a very rewarding but difficult experience. Since my mother was always out working, I was the one who had to stay home after school with my grandmother and carry out the caretaking tasks. These tasks included bathing, cooking meals, cleaning the house, and many other things. This resulted in me not always being able to spend time with my friends when I wanted to, and I had to give up some of my extracurricular activit ies throughout high school. In high school I always thought that I wanted to become a special education teacher. My mother worked at a day service center for individuals with mild to severe developmental and intellectual disabilities, so I was always comfortable around people with unique abilities. Senior year however, my grandmother became even more sick and she was hospitalized with Pneumonia. She never fully recovered after her sickness, so she had to make many lifestyle changes and weShow MoreRelatedCase Analysis : Plainfield Healthcare Center Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pagescertified nurse name Brenda Chaney who works diligently every single day for her assigned patients. All nurse in the center have a duty to keep records of the patients’ conditions and any special request from them. 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In The Caretaker, Pinter explores the notion of isolation and how it impacts all three characters in a brutally raw way, exposing their vulnerabilities and exploring their most true identities in vastly different ways. Throughout Collected Poems, many of the works explore how the character in each poem escapes modern life by isolating themselves, both emotionally, such as in ‘TalkingRead More Caregivers Behavior Contributes to Offspring Behavior1143 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch has advanced to the point where predictions about serious criminal violence by men who have already committed one violent offense can be made with a considerable degree of accuracy (Rice, 414). This group, although a small proportion of the population, is a group whose violence is the focus of much societal concern. Research on the nature of psychotherapy is yielding new insights into a group of offenders who are highly prone to violence. 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As such, I have taken on multiple roles; I am my parents’ housekeeper, my grandparents’ chauffeur, and my cousins’ sitter. Consequently, this caretaker persona extends towards my social life. For example, I become a â€Å" mother hen† with my friends. In one particular case, my friend was drunk and incapable of taking care of herself at a party, so I looked after her until she was well enough to go home. As a woman, my caretaker persona has ledRead Moreaffects of child abuse and neglect1548 Words   |  7 Pages They do not know specifically what falls under the various categories’ of child abuse and neglect. Some people contend that child abuse encompasses anyone who physically or emotionally neglects a child. However , according to Reardon, child abuse and neglect is defined as â€Å"Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death ,serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse ,exploitation or act or failure to act, which presents an imminent risk of serious

Internal Business Negotiations Free-Samples-Myassignmenthlep.com

Question: Negotiation is not a process reserved only for the skilled diplomat, top salesperson, or ardent advocate for an organized lobby; it is something that everyone does, almost daily (Lewicki et al 2011: 2). Critically evaluate this statement, does it mean that Negotiation skills are basically the same wherever they are practised? Answer: Introduction With time, organizations have evolved and expanded in different parts of the world. the organizations like Google, Amazon and Microsoft has expanded across the world. The penetration of e-commerce, computers and Internet have further pushed the agenda of international business. It is expected that the transactions in the international market would continue to grow (Ting?Toomey, 2015). Amidst all these, organizations have realized the importance of negotiations. As more businesses expand their focus to include foreign markets, the demand for competent international management professionals, who can negotiate better, increases. The objective of this paper is to discuss the statement Negotiation is not a process reserved only for the skilled diplomat, top salesperson, or ardent advocate for an organized lobby; it is something that everyone does, almost daily (Lewicki et al 2011: 2). Negotiation Simply defined, negotiation is bargaining (give and take) process between two or more parties (each with its own aims, needs, and viewpoints) seeking to discover a common ground and reach an agreement to settle a matter of mutual concern or resolve a conflict. It is something that people across different cadre and position do. In fact, negotiation is something that is practices not only in professional life but also in personal life. it would be correct to say that negotiation is a powerful instrument that is used by skilled diplomat as well as a housewife. The general rule of negotiation is that it includes two or more than two parties (Franke Richey, 2010). Context of Negotiation The power of international business negotiation is evident from the fact that the institutions that once competed heavily with each other now share data and information relative to the ever-changing collegiate business world. There are steps that organizations go through starting from the very inception (Groves Feyerherm, 2015). This is known as organizational life cycle and it continues to the termination. These steps are sequences of advancements that are not random events. It would be correct to say that organizations and business professionals would need the skills of negotiation at each of these steps. One of the basic and fundamental objective of negotiation is to get more (Zheng Martin, 2014). It can happen only when negotiators and leaders focuses on 4Cs of negotiation. These can be discussed as: Four Cs of negotiation The four Cs of negotiation ensures that people gain during any negotiation process. These four Cs should be considered as different strategy for negotiation. It is generally advised to use a sequence or pattern while using these negotiation strategies. Each of the four Cs of negotiation in the preferred sequence can be discussed as: Compelling This strategy means that the party should insist the other party to accept the terms. In case of a business scenario, the organization or sales person would force supplier to accept the terms of purchase (Mircica, 2014). This type of negotiation strategy is used when one party has more power over other. Collaborating This strategy comes into picture when the compelling approach does not work. In this strategy of negotiation, the focus is on mutual benefit. This type of negotiation strategy is used when both the parties has more or less equal power. Compromising This strategy is generally used when the above two strategies have failed and still one of the party wants negotiation to happen. The output in this negotiation strategy is that one of the party ends up compromising on some parts. For example, a deal with two businesses can be compromised on price levels. Caving In This type of negotiation strategy is practiced only when the above three strategies are not able to provide any fruitful results. This strategy means that negotiation has failed and the process need to be started again from scratch (Long Javidi, 2016). Distributive Interactive Negotiation The terms Distributive Interactive Negotiation coins from the terms of Distributive Interactive bargain. In distributive negotiation, the outcome is generally a win lose situation as the benefit of one party is at the cost of loss of other party. In interactive negotiation, the outcome is generally a win-win situation as the benefit of one party is dependent on the benefit of another party (Cseh Davis, 2013). Context of Negotiation in todays Globalized Environment Negotiation is something that is not only limited to business world or sales person. People can also do, or in fact, people have to do negotiation in daily life also. The housewife who would purchase the daily household needs may also negotiate a deal with the vendor or service provider (Mor Morris, 2013). A child can also negotiate with parents for a perfect summer break. Likewise, there can be various examples of negotiation happening in the day-to-day life. It means that negotiation is something that is fundamental to life. However, it is important to mention that the process of negotiation could change across different situations (Louhiala-Salminen Kankaanranta, 2011). The process of negotiation between the diplomats of two countries would be completely different than the process of negotiation between sales persons and the process of negotiation between a family. The process of negotiation would also depend on the objective that the parties wish to achieve. The process of nego tiation could be smoother if both the parties want win-win situation. The process of negotiation would also depend on the gravity of situation and the owner. Various business or other meetings can fail because there is no owner. For example, the negotiation around environmental preservation across the nations has not resulted into powerful results because there is no owner who can actually get the negotiation done (Dygert Barrett, 2016). Linkage theory in negotiation process The specifics of negotiation process and issue linkage can be discussed as: Negotiation process The process of negotiation is a very open process. Generally, every negotiation process would have five phases. These phases can be discussed as: Phase 1: Preparation Planning This is the phase in which all the parties involved in the negotiation process would plan for the negotiation. In this phase, the focus is on the expected outcome from the negotiation process (Saunders, 2012). Phase 2: Defining the ground rules This is the phase in which all the parties agree on the defined ground rules. This phase could be considered as the phase in which the boundary condition to the negotiation process are established (Lin Kraus, 2014). Phase 3: Clarification Justification This is the phase in which parties seeks and justification or clarification that they want from the other parties involved in the negotiation process (Beenen Barbuto, 2014). Phase 4: Bargaining problem solving This is the phase in which actual bargain happens. This is the phase in which one of the 4Cs of negotiation would be actually implemented. It can be said that this is one of the most important phase of entire negotiation process (Donahue, 2013). Closure Implementation This is the phase in which both the parties agree upon a common solution. As an output of this phase the parties involved in the negotiation process finalized and closed the terms and conditions of negotiation (Acheson, 2016). Significance to negotiation linkage The process and success of negotiation in the business world would also depend on the skills of managers and leaders. When managers receive feedback internally and externally, it is important to analyze the information in order to make informed decisions about future actions. When there is a vast amount of information available to managers, they should try to implement filters so that information is disseminated to the proper channels to be utilized in helpful ways. Luo Shenkar (2011) mentioned that the use of liaisons can be helpful to filter and communicate changes with teams in order to keep everyone aligned toward specific goals. The learning from the negotiation in business world is that successful negotiation depends a lot on communication. Issue Linkage It is also important to highlight that the negotiation skills may not be same across different types of negotiation. The negotiation in business world and diplomat is more formal in nature as compared to the negotiation in personal life. The difference in the negotiation style can also arise from cultural background (Phelps Adams, 2007). While doing negotiations, there could be a linkage among various issues. Therefore, it is important that the parties involved in the negotiation process should first understand the linked or associated variables (Huffmeier Mazei, 2015). The understanding of various linked and associated variables and factors would enable the parties involved in the negotiation process to take good measures to succeed and move forward in the negotiation. BATNA in linked negotiation process BATNA or best alternative to a negotiated agreement is the most beneficial course of action in a negotiation process. The role of BATNA particularly increases when the parties have the options to explore multiple options (Fischer Bajaj, 2017). For example, is a startup has to sell its business and the company has the offer form one domestic player and two international players. The linked alternatives could be: Alternative 1: The domestic player would but the small firm in an equity payment of 10 installments Alterative 2: The international player would buy the firm at a 20% mark up for 15 installments Alternative 3: The other international firm would buy the firm with all-cash deal at 90% of the market price Factors affecting negotiation There are various factors that affect the negotiation process (Patriotta Kumar, 2011). These are the factors like expected outcome from the negotiation, parties involved in the negotiation, etc. The specific aspects of factors affecting the negotiation process can be discussed as: Cultural impact on negotiation One of the most important thing about negotiation is that the people involved in the negotiation process should be aware that cultural differences can make or break the negotiation. The way business negotiation is done in Australia may be completely different than the way negotiation is done in Pakistan or India (Druckman Wagner, 2016). Effect of trust, Aspiration and Gender on Negotiation The things like trust, gender, biasness and aspirations also have a direct impact on negotiation process. The negotiation process could be effective when parties have trust in each other. Likewise, the output of negotiation could also depend on personal aspiration of people. If people have personal aspiration to close the deal then they would work hard to close the negotiation process (Schoop Kohne, 2010). Effect of Demography, culture, economic barriers on ethicality of negotiation Behavior The factors like demography, economic conditions, ethical outlook and culture can also affect negotiation process. The negotiation process could be easy when the parties belong to same culture (Brett, 2017). Negotiation Skills The negotiation skills are basically not same wherever they are practiced because the required negotiation skills would differ on number of factors like expected outcome from the negotiation, parties involved in the negotiation, etc. Therefore, it would be correct to say that any diplomat may need more formal skills as compared to a parent (Shell, 2011). A sales person may need cunning negotiation skills and a leader or a manager may need collaborative negotiation skills. The need of specific skills for negotiation would also depend on the type of negotiation. The stakeholders tend to be more relaxed when negotiation is internal in nature and the stakeholders tend to more aggressive when negotiation is external in nature. It is important that both the parties involved in the negotiation should first learn about the other party. Jennings Faratin (2001) argued that the process of negotiation is easy when the parties involved in the negotiation process know each other. Thus, as leaders hip reflects leader and followers in terms of trust and building relationships, the occurrence of organizational members that are interested in only doing their tasks and duties, is also a possibility. They are strictly contractual and job focused without personal relationships with the leader (formal responsibilities and defined roles), in the workplace (Fisher, 2016). This group is not willing to accept expanded responsibilities and new roles to make extra efforts. Task- or relationship motivated negotiation can be derived from this perspective. This is down to the way in which the leader views the capabilities of this culture, with a certain need to overcome prejudices apparent in this study. If we look at Satya Nadella, he has done very well since taking charge at Microsoft in 2014, and is of Indian background (Haselhuhn Wong, 2014). Long-time employees assert that morale has been better than in previous years since he has taken over and this has been possible only because of h is excellent business negotiation skills. Conclusion The above paper discusses the process of negotiation and various intricacies involved in the negotiation process. With the above discussion, it can be said that negotiation is a key skill that could be utilized at various levels. The term negotiation is a generic term; however, it has vast implications. The conclusion achieved from above discussion is that Negotiation is not a process reserved only for the skilled diplomat, top salesperson, or ardent advocate for an organized lobby; it is something that everyone does, almost daily. However, the negotiation skills are not the same basically everywhere. The negotiation skills depend a lot on the external environment. Precisely, the negotiation skills in corporate world would be different than the negotiation skills at a war front or within a family. Therefore, it is important that negotiation should be learned and practiced within the given eco-system. It is also possible that the negotiators that are good in one of the situation may n ot perform well in different situations. Therefore, negotiation must be practiced within the context and as per the external variables and factors. References Aarons, G.A., Fettes, D.L., Hurlburt, M.S., Palinkas, L.A., Gunderson, L., Willging, C.E. and Chaffin, M.J., 2014. 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Legalization Of Marijuana Essays (221 words) - Herbalism

Legalization of Marijuana I, for one, believe that Marijuana should be legalized. I have several reasons for this, the main one is that it would almost completely eliminate the crime and other problems associated with the drug. We would need fewer police officers looking for pot, we could concentrate drug education in schools on the more grievously damaging drugs (heroin, cocaine, LSD). The only long term effects marijuana has on a person are the same as with cigarettes. No one would dare prohibit the sale and possession of those, and pot isn't treated with an array of chemicals. It's just picked, dried, and smoked. Marijuana has similar short term effects as those of beer, but more relaxing. Marijuana tends to mellow a person, while alcohol might make someone violent. Plus alcohol contrivutes to brain and liver damage. I can not say that I completely advocate the recreational uses of marijuana, but it nothing else there are definitely medicinal uses such as the treatment of glaucoma. It also tends to increas the appatites of terminaly ill AIDS patients who otherwise wouldn't have the desire to eat. I think the repercussions of legalizing pot would be almost completely beneficial to society as a whole. The beneficial effects outweigh the adverse. This subject should be seriously investigated by our government.